The call usually sounds like this: the pipes started banging after the basement got finished, and now it wakes the kids at 5 in the morning. Before we touch anything, we stand at the boiler and watch a full cycle. We note the pressure gauge, the pressuretrol setting and how high the water stands in the glass. On these older downtown homes, the boiler may be the second or third one the house has had.
Then we follow the steam main from the header out to the far end. We look for any hanger that was moved to make room for drywall or a soffit. A main that dips even a little holds a puddle of condensate, and that puddle is what bangs. We run a level along each run and mark every spot that slopes the wrong way. It is slow work, but it beats guessing.
Next comes the main vent, often a Gorton style, at the end of each run. If it is painted over, waterlogged or missing, air leaves through the radiator vents instead, and the far rooms lag behind. We also check the pressure setting. We have walked into houses near Main Street where the pressuretrol sat at 8 psi. Dropping it to the range the old steamfitters intended often settles half the noise on its own.
Before we leave, we fire the boiler and listen through a full heat cycle with the homeowner. We show them the corrected pitch, the new vent if one went in, and the gauge reading. Then we tag the settings on the boiler so the next tech knows what was done. If the noise comes back after a cold snap, that tells us another stretch of pipe needs attention, and we come back.