The complaint comes in early in the season: a loud bang in the walls a minute or two after the boiler starts, sometimes loud enough to wake the house. Before we look at the pipes, we read the gauge and the pressuretrol. If the control is set at 5 or 10, that alone can turn a small knock into a hammer. We note the setting, check the pigtail for sludge, and move on to the piping.
Next we follow the noise. With the boiler firing, we stand under the area where the homeowner hears it and listen for where the bang starts. In older Farmington homes the culprit is often a runout, the short horizontal pipe from the main to a radiator, that has lost its slope as the floor framing settled. A level laid on it settles the question.
Upstairs, we check the radiators themselves. A one pipe radiator should tip slightly back toward its valve so water drains out the same pipe steam came in. Some have been shimmed the wrong way by a well meaning painter or floor refinisher. We also confirm each supply valve is wide open, since a half closed valve on one pipe steam traps water and makes noise.
Finally, we study the sight glass. A surging water line causes priming, throwing water up the risers into the header, and the noise follows. If needed, we skim the boiler. Then we fire it again and listen through a full cycle with the homeowner. When the bang is gone, we write down what we changed so the next person who works on the system understands it.